Florida Biology EOC Practice Test 2026 - Free Biology End-of-Course Practice Questions and Study Guide

The kingdom that consists of prokaryotic, unicellular organisms known for reproducing by binary fission and possessing cell walls made of peptidoglycan is Bacteria. These organisms are characterized by their relatively simple cellular structure without a nucleus and their ability to reproduce asexually through a process called binary fission, where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells.

Peptidoglycan is a significant component of bacterial cell walls and provides structural support and protection. This key characteristic differentiates them from other kingdoms, such as Archaebacteria, which have distinct cell wall compositions and are often found in extreme environments but do not possess peptidoglycan in their cell walls.

In contrast, the kingdom Animalia comprises multicellular organisms that lack cell walls altogether, and Protista is a diverse group that includes both unicellular and multicellular organisms that can have various forms of reproduction and cellular structures. These distinctions highlight why Bacteria is the correct answer for the characteristics described in the question.